dimanche 6 juin 2021

L'acclimatation à la chaleur ne protège pas les hommes entraînés contre les déficiences induites par l'hyperthermie dans l'exécution de tâches complexes

Aperçu: G.M.

Cette étude a évalué si l'adaptation au stress thermique environnemental peut contrecarrer les effets négatifs de l'hyperthermie sur les performances motrices complexes. 

Treize hommes en bonne santé et entraînés ont effectué 28 jours d'acclimatation à la chaleur avec 1 h d'exercice quotidien d'exposition à la chaleur ambiante (39,4 ± 0,3 °C et 27,0 ± 1,0 % d'humidité relative). Après une familiarisation complète, les participants ont effectué des tests moteurs et cognitifs avant l'acclimatation, ainsi qu'après 14 et 28 jours d'entraînement sous la chaleur. Aux trois occasions, les participants ont été testés, au départ (après environ 15 minutes d'exposition à la chaleur passive) et à la suite d'une hyperthermie induite par l'exercice qui a provoqué une augmentation de la température centrale de 2,8 ± 0,1 °C (similaire d'un jour à l'autre). 

Les résultats aux tests dominés par la cognition et les performances motrices ont été maintenus pendant l'exposition passive à la chaleur (aucune réduction ni différence entre les jours 0, 14 et 28 par rapport aux conditions fraîches). En revanche, les performances des tâches motrices complexes étaient significativement réduites dans des conditions hyperthermiques de 9,4 ± 3,4 % au jour 0 ; 15,1 ± 5,0 % au jour 14 et 13,0 ± 4,8 % au jour 28 (tous p < 0,05 par rapport à la ligne de base mais pas différents d'un jour à l'autre). 

Ces résultats nous permettent de conclure que l'acclimatation à la chaleur ne peut pas protéger les hommes entraînés contre les effets négatifs de l'hyperthermie lorsqu'ils effectuent des tâches complexes reposant sur une combinaison de performances cognitives et de fonctions motrices.

. 2019 Feb 28;16(5):716.  doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050716.

Heat Acclimation Does Not Protect Trained Males from Hyperthermia-Induced Impairments in Complex Task Performance

Jacob F Piil  1 , Chris J Mikkelsen  2 , Nicklas Junge  3 , Nathan B Morris  4 , Lars Nybo  5
Affiliations
Free PMC article

Abstract

This study evaluated if adaptation to environmental heat stress can counteract the negative effects of hyperthermia on complex motor performance. Thirteen healthy, trained males completed 28 days of heat acclimation with 1 h daily exercise exposure to environmental heat (39.4 ± 0.3 °C and 27.0 ± 1.0% relative humidity). Following comprehensive familiarization, the participants completed motor-cognitive testing before acclimation, as well as after 14 and 28 days of training in the heat. On all three occasions, the participants were tested, at baseline (after ~15 min passive heat exposure) and following exercise-induced hyperthermia which provoked an increase in core temperature of 2.8 ± 0.1 °C (similar across days). Both cognitively dominated test scores and motor performance were maintained during passive heat exposure (no reduction or difference between day 0, 14, and 28 compared to cool conditions). In contrast, complex motor task performance was significantly reduced in hyperthermic conditions by 9.4 ± 3.4% at day 0; 15.1 ± 5.0% at day 14, and 13.0 ± 4.8% at day 28 (all p < 0.05 compared to baseline but not different across days). These results let us conclude that heat acclimation cannot protect trained males from being negatively affected by hyperthermia when they perform complex tasks relying on a combination of cognitive performance and motor function.

Keywords: core temperature; heat stress; hyperthermia; mathematics; motor performance; task complexity; visuo-motor tracking.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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L'exposition directe de la tête au rayonnement thermique solaire altère les performances motrices et cognitives

Aperçu: G.M.

Les problèmes de santé et de performance provoqués par le stress thermique sont des défis sociétaux qui s'étendent géographiquement et s'intensifient avec le réchauffement climatique. Pourtant, la science sous-estime peut-être le véritable impact, car aucune étude n'a évalué les effets de l'exposition au soleil sur la température et le  fonctionnement du cerveau humain. 

En conséquence, les performances dans les tâches cognitives dominées et combinées motrices-cognitives et les marqueurs de l'augmentation de la température du tronc cérébral ont été évalués lors d'une exposition à la lumière solaire simulée (égale à ~ 1000 watts/m2). 

L'exposition aiguë n'a affecté aucune mesure de performance, tandis qu'une exposition prolongée de la tête et du cou a provoqué une élévation de la température centrale de 1 °C et des altérations significatives des performances cognitives et motrices. Il est important de noter que les déficiences sont apparues à des niveaux d'hyperthermie considérablement inférieurs par rapport aux expériences précédentes et aux essais de la présente étude sans chauffage radiant de la tête. 

Ces résultats soulignent l'importance d'inclure l'effet du rayonnement solaire sur la tête et le cou dans les futures évaluations scientifiques des impacts du stress thermique environnemental et de la protection spécifique de la tête afin de minimiser les effets néfastes.

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. 2020 May 8;10(1):7812.  doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64768-w.

Direct exposure of the head to solar heat radiation impairs motor-cognitive performance

Jacob F Piil  1 , Lasse Christiansen  2   3 , Nathan B Morris  2 , C Jacob Mikkelsen  2 , Leonidas G Ioannou  2   4 , Andreas D Flouris  4 , Jesper Lundbye-Jensen  2 , Lars Nybo  2
Affiliations
Free PMC article

Abstract

Health and performance impairments provoked by thermal stress are societal challenges geographically spreading and intensifying with global warming. Yet, science may be underestimating the true impact, since no study has evaluated effects of sunlight exposure on human brain temperature and function. Accordingly, performance in cognitively dominated and combined motor-cognitive tasks and markers of rising brainstem temperature were evaluated during exposure to simulated sunlight (equal to ~1000 watt/m2). Acute exposure did not affect any performance measures, whereas prolonged exposure of the head and neck provoked an elevation of the core temperature by 1 °C and significant impairments of cognitively dominated and motor task performances. Importantly, impairments emerged at considerably lower hyperthermia levels compared to previous experiments and to the trials in the presents study without radiant heating of the head. These findings highlight the importance of including the effect of sunlight radiative heating of the head and neck in future scientific evaluations of environmental heat stress impacts and specific protection of the head to minimize detrimental effects.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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samedi 5 juin 2021

Profils protéomiques du plasma humain indicatifs de la capacité cardiorespiratoire

Aperçu: G.M.

La consommation maximale d'oxygène (VO2max) est une mesure directe de la condition cardiorespiratoire humaine et est associée à la santé. Cependant, les déterminants moléculaires des différences interindividuelles de VO2max de base (intrinsèque) et des augmentations de VO2max en réponse à l'entraînement physique (ΔVO2max) sont en grande partie inconnus. 

Ici, nous mesurons environ 5 000 protéines plasmatiques à l'aide d'une plate-forme basée sur l'affinité chez plus de 650 adultes sédentaires avant et après une intervention d'exercice d'endurance de 20 semaines et identifions 147 protéines et 102 protéines dont les niveaux plasmatiques sont respectivement associés à VO2max et VO2max, . L'ajout d'un score de biomarqueur protéique dérivé de ces protéines à un score basé sur des traits cliniques améliore la prédiction du VO2max d'un individu. Nous validons les résultats dans une cohorte d'exercice distincte, relions en outre 21 protéines à la mortalité incidente toutes causes confondues dans une cohorte communautaire et reproduisons la spécificité d'environ 75 % de nos principales conclusions à l'aide de tests basés sur les anticorps. 

Ensemble, nos données mettent en lumière les voies biologiques pertinentes pour la condition cardiorespiratoire et mettent en évidence la valeur additive potentielle des biomarqueurs protéiques dans l'identification de la réactivité à l'exercice chez l'homme. 

Human plasma proteomic profiles indicative of cardiorespiratory fitness

Nature Metabolism (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is a direct measure of human cardiorespiratory fitness and is associated with health. However, the molecular determinants of interindividual differences in baseline (intrinsic) VO2max, and of increases of VO2max in response to exercise training (ΔVO2max), are largely unknown. Here, we measure ~5,000 plasma proteins using an affinity-based platform in over 650 sedentary adults before and after a 20-week endurance-exercise intervention and identify 147 proteins and 102 proteins whose plasma levels are associated with baseline VO2max and ΔVO2max, respectively. Addition of a protein biomarker score derived from these proteins to a score based on clinical traits improves the prediction of an individual’s ΔVO2max. We validate findings in a separate exercise cohort, further link 21 proteins to incident all-cause mortality in a community-based cohort and reproduce the specificity of ~75% of our key findings using antibody-based assays. Taken together, our data shed light on biological pathways relevant to cardiorespiratory fitness and highlight the potential additive value of protein biomarkers in identifying exercise responsiveness in humans.


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