Affichage des articles dont le libellé est performance motrice. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est performance motrice. Afficher tous les articles

jeudi 11 juillet 2024

L'effet de la thérapie par l'exercice physique sur les troubles du spectre de l'autisme: une revue systématique et une méta-analyse

Aperçu: G.M.

Résumé 

Contexte :
La thérapie par l'exercice physique (TEP) est de plus en plus utilisée dans le traitement des troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA), mais les preuves empiriques de son efficacité restent ambiguës. Cette étude systématique et cette méta-analyse ont pour but d'étudier l'efficacité de la thérapie par l'exercice physique pour les personnes avec un diagnosti de TSA, afin de fournir un soutien factuel à la recherche clinique et scientifique.

Méthodes :
Nous avons effectué des recherches systématiques dans quatre bases de données internationales (Medline via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Libraries et Web of Science) et trois bases de données chinoises (CNKI, Wanfang et VIP Libraries) jusqu'au 31 juillet 2023. La recherche a été effectuée en anglais et en chinois pour trouver des articles de recherche originaux utilisant des essais contrôlés randomisés (ECR) pour étudier les effets de la TEP sur les personnes ayant reçu un diagnostic de TSA selon les critères du DSM ou d'autres critères établis. Les résultats coprimaires étaient axés sur la gravité globale de l'autisme, tandis que les résultats secondaires comprenaient des mesures des comportements stéréotypés, des déficits sociaux, des aptitudes sociales et des fonctions exécutives. Les données des études incluses ont été synthétisées et analysées à l'aide de RevMan 5.4. Cette revue systématique est enregistrée auprès de PROSPERO (CRD42023443951).

Résultats :
Au total, 28 ECR comprenant 1 081 participants ont été analysés. Seules trois de ces études répondaient à des normes de haute qualité.
Comparativement aux groupes témoins, le TEP a montré une amélioration d'au moins un symptôme central de l'autisme, y compris la performance motrice (SMD=1,72, 95%CI[1,01, 2,44], I2=90%), les comportements répétitifs restreints (SMD=-0,81, 95%CI[-1,00, -0,62], I2=0%), le dysfonctionnement social (SMD=-0,76, 95%CI[-1,06, -0,46], I2=47%).

Conclusions :
La TEP peut permettre de réduire la gravité globale et les symptômes associés chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de TSA. Toutefois, compte tenu du risque global élevé de biais dans les études incluses, ces résultats doivent être interprétés avec prudence.

 

. 2024 Jul 6:339:116074.
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116074. Online ahead of print.

The effect of physical exercise therapy on autism spectrum disorder:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yifan Wu  1 , Lu Ding  2 , Qiao Zhang  2 , Yu Dong  2 , Chenyang Tao  2 , Zhenyuan Li  3 , Zhaowei Li  1 , Liming Lu  4
Affiliations

Abstract

Background: Physical Exercise Therapy (PET) is increasingly applied in the treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), yet the empirical evidence supporting its efficacy remains ambiguous. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness of PET for individuals with ASD, providing evidence-based support for clinical and scientific research.

Methods: We systematically searched four international databases (Medline via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Libraries, and Web of Science) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP Libraries) up to July 31, 2023. The search was conducted in both English and Chinese for original research articles employing randomized-controlled-trial (RCT) designs to study PET's effects on individuals diagnosed with ASD according to DSM or other established criteria. Co-primary outcomes focused on the overall severity of autism, while secondary outcomes included measures of stereotyped behaviors, social deficits, social skills, and executive functioning. Data from the included studies were synthesized and analyzed using RevMan 5.4. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023443951).

Results: A total of 28 RCTs comprising 1081 participants were analyzed. Of these, only three studies met high-quality standards. Compared to control groups, PET showed improvement in at least one core symptom of autism, including Motor Performance (SMD=1.72, 95%CI[1.01, 2.44], I2=90%), Restricted Repetitive Behaviors (SMD=-0.81, 95%CI[-1.00, -0.62], I2=0%), Social Dysfunction (SMD=-0.76, 95%CI[-1.06, -0.46], I2=47%).

Conclusions: PET may offer benefits in reducing the overall severity and associated symptoms in individuals with ASD. However, given the high overall risk of bias in the included studies, these findings should be interpreted with caution.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Meta-analysis; Physical exercise therapy; Systematic review.



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dimanche 6 juin 2021

L'acclimatation à la chaleur ne protège pas les hommes entraînés contre les déficiences induites par l'hyperthermie dans l'exécution de tâches complexes

Aperçu: G.M.

Cette étude a évalué si l'adaptation au stress thermique environnemental peut contrecarrer les effets négatifs de l'hyperthermie sur les performances motrices complexes. 

Treize hommes en bonne santé et entraînés ont effectué 28 jours d'acclimatation à la chaleur avec 1 h d'exercice quotidien d'exposition à la chaleur ambiante (39,4 ± 0,3 °C et 27,0 ± 1,0 % d'humidité relative). Après une familiarisation complète, les participants ont effectué des tests moteurs et cognitifs avant l'acclimatation, ainsi qu'après 14 et 28 jours d'entraînement sous la chaleur. Aux trois occasions, les participants ont été testés, au départ (après environ 15 minutes d'exposition à la chaleur passive) et à la suite d'une hyperthermie induite par l'exercice qui a provoqué une augmentation de la température centrale de 2,8 ± 0,1 °C (similaire d'un jour à l'autre). 

Les résultats aux tests dominés par la cognition et les performances motrices ont été maintenus pendant l'exposition passive à la chaleur (aucune réduction ni différence entre les jours 0, 14 et 28 par rapport aux conditions fraîches). En revanche, les performances des tâches motrices complexes étaient significativement réduites dans des conditions hyperthermiques de 9,4 ± 3,4 % au jour 0 ; 15,1 ± 5,0 % au jour 14 et 13,0 ± 4,8 % au jour 28 (tous p < 0,05 par rapport à la ligne de base mais pas différents d'un jour à l'autre). 

Ces résultats nous permettent de conclure que l'acclimatation à la chaleur ne peut pas protéger les hommes entraînés contre les effets négatifs de l'hyperthermie lorsqu'ils effectuent des tâches complexes reposant sur une combinaison de performances cognitives et de fonctions motrices.

. 2019 Feb 28;16(5):716.  doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050716.

Heat Acclimation Does Not Protect Trained Males from Hyperthermia-Induced Impairments in Complex Task Performance

Jacob F Piil  1 , Chris J Mikkelsen  2 , Nicklas Junge  3 , Nathan B Morris  4 , Lars Nybo  5
Affiliations
Free PMC article

Abstract

This study evaluated if adaptation to environmental heat stress can counteract the negative effects of hyperthermia on complex motor performance. Thirteen healthy, trained males completed 28 days of heat acclimation with 1 h daily exercise exposure to environmental heat (39.4 ± 0.3 °C and 27.0 ± 1.0% relative humidity). Following comprehensive familiarization, the participants completed motor-cognitive testing before acclimation, as well as after 14 and 28 days of training in the heat. On all three occasions, the participants were tested, at baseline (after ~15 min passive heat exposure) and following exercise-induced hyperthermia which provoked an increase in core temperature of 2.8 ± 0.1 °C (similar across days). Both cognitively dominated test scores and motor performance were maintained during passive heat exposure (no reduction or difference between day 0, 14, and 28 compared to cool conditions). In contrast, complex motor task performance was significantly reduced in hyperthermic conditions by 9.4 ± 3.4% at day 0; 15.1 ± 5.0% at day 14, and 13.0 ± 4.8% at day 28 (all p < 0.05 compared to baseline but not different across days). These results let us conclude that heat acclimation cannot protect trained males from being negatively affected by hyperthermia when they perform complex tasks relying on a combination of cognitive performance and motor function.

Keywords: core temperature; heat stress; hyperthermia; mathematics; motor performance; task complexity; visuo-motor tracking.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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L'exposition directe de la tête au rayonnement thermique solaire altère les performances motrices et cognitives

Aperçu: G.M.

Les problèmes de santé et de performance provoqués par le stress thermique sont des défis sociétaux qui s'étendent géographiquement et s'intensifient avec le réchauffement climatique. Pourtant, la science sous-estime peut-être le véritable impact, car aucune étude n'a évalué les effets de l'exposition au soleil sur la température et le  fonctionnement du cerveau humain. 

En conséquence, les performances dans les tâches cognitives dominées et combinées motrices-cognitives et les marqueurs de l'augmentation de la température du tronc cérébral ont été évalués lors d'une exposition à la lumière solaire simulée (égale à ~ 1000 watts/m2). 

L'exposition aiguë n'a affecté aucune mesure de performance, tandis qu'une exposition prolongée de la tête et du cou a provoqué une élévation de la température centrale de 1 °C et des altérations significatives des performances cognitives et motrices. Il est important de noter que les déficiences sont apparues à des niveaux d'hyperthermie considérablement inférieurs par rapport aux expériences précédentes et aux essais de la présente étude sans chauffage radiant de la tête. 

Ces résultats soulignent l'importance d'inclure l'effet du rayonnement solaire sur la tête et le cou dans les futures évaluations scientifiques des impacts du stress thermique environnemental et de la protection spécifique de la tête afin de minimiser les effets néfastes.

Cliquer ICI pour accéder à l'intégralité de l'article en anglais

. 2020 May 8;10(1):7812.  doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64768-w.

Direct exposure of the head to solar heat radiation impairs motor-cognitive performance

Jacob F Piil  1 , Lasse Christiansen  2   3 , Nathan B Morris  2 , C Jacob Mikkelsen  2 , Leonidas G Ioannou  2   4 , Andreas D Flouris  4 , Jesper Lundbye-Jensen  2 , Lars Nybo  2
Affiliations
Free PMC article

Abstract

Health and performance impairments provoked by thermal stress are societal challenges geographically spreading and intensifying with global warming. Yet, science may be underestimating the true impact, since no study has evaluated effects of sunlight exposure on human brain temperature and function. Accordingly, performance in cognitively dominated and combined motor-cognitive tasks and markers of rising brainstem temperature were evaluated during exposure to simulated sunlight (equal to ~1000 watt/m2). Acute exposure did not affect any performance measures, whereas prolonged exposure of the head and neck provoked an elevation of the core temperature by 1 °C and significant impairments of cognitively dominated and motor task performances. Importantly, impairments emerged at considerably lower hyperthermia levels compared to previous experiments and to the trials in the presents study without radiant heating of the head. These findings highlight the importance of including the effect of sunlight radiative heating of the head and neck in future scientific evaluations of environmental heat stress impacts and specific protection of the head to minimize detrimental effects.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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